Inform students that they are going to learn about a recent struggle for freedom that took place during the arab spring in tunisia. Why jordan and morocco are doubling down on royal rule. The moroccan dialect, referred to as darija, and french are also widely spoken. Through interviews with some of the regions leading civic entrepreneurs, including political activists, artists, and technologists. To what extent has eus democracy promotion strategy in relation to tunisia and morocco changed after the arab spring. It seemed as if all the authoritarian states would finally be freed, even those of the. Arab spring in tunisia and how the movement spread throughout the region. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Jul 31, 2019 in the wake of the arab spring, morocco witnessed street protests demanding, among other things, for the king to reign but not to rule. The 2011 constitutional referendum was a success on the part of king mohammed vi in so far as the reforms calmed moroccans and satisfied their demand for an enumeration of human rights. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead.
This pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. Adopted by referendum on 1 july 2011, the latest moroccan constitution was prepared through a yearlong participatory process led by a consultative commission. The spring of 2011 produced a wave of demonstrations and revolution in the arab world. Yet morocco appears to have escaped the arab spring relatively unscathed. However, the rulers in both countries remained in control and the transition was slow and managed. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. Download pdf the arab spring the end of postcolonialism. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath 5. Of the arab spring countries, only tunisia has seen a relatively successful transition to democracy.
Download this essay pdf t he arab spring signals a time of great potential to address the primary challenge currently facing governments and people in the middle east and north africa. Beginning in december, 2010 revolutions swept through tunisia, egypt, libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. Ultimately, however, i argue that the contagion of the arab spring revolu. In morocco, the monarchy still appears popular with most moroccans. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. Repression and activism among the arab springs first movers. Home highlights on morocco the impact of the arab spring. The g20s action on debt is an important first step.
Arab spring in morocco, and the way activists in the 20 february movement, named after the. Arab spring, democratization, gender, feminist mobilization. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, were driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and globalized. Women are newcomers to the political scene in morocco. Tunisia and the arab spring overview nc essential standards. The arab spring has broken out in morocco pushing king mohammed vi to put forth in lightning speed a new constitution requiring an elected rather than an appointed prime minister, the first such step in any of the eight monarchies or even most of the democratic republics of the arab world. Free download arab spring, libyan winter pdf full pdf. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge in an effort to assist them during their assignment to morocco. We find that with the one exception of tunisia, none of the other 16 states became more democratic as a result of the arab spring, and three countries, libya, yemen, and syria, became failed states with governance failures and civil wars. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. Evidence from moroccos february 20th movement volume 47 issue 3 adria k. The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere.
A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. But, however new, their strong presence has been very noticeable in. A popular saying has it that morocco is a cold country with a hot sun, and you shouldnt underestimate the extremes of. This is an interesting index of unrest based off of the factors present in the initial arab spring.
This essay provides programmatic and administrative recommendations for the effective building of civil, governmental, and private capabilities to help implement human development driven by local communities in morocco in light of the arab spring. Morocco, the arab spring, and the 2011 constitution in 2011 the revolutionary spirit of the arab spring spread throughout the middle east and north africa, and it continues to this day. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. The main thrust of the article centers on the reforms of the constitution and on the role these. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. The changing state of morocco s economy following the arab spring led the kingdom to diversify and solidify its economic partnerships by seeking out. Nadine sika the role of women in the egyptian revolution of 25 january manal alnatour arab spring and women in kuwait muhamad s.
To identify a possible policy change concerning eudp in the southern mediterranean neighbourhood, this paper is aimed to answer the following research question. For decades, women in egypt as elsewhere in the region have been intimately involved with the reform movement from organizing labor union strikes and asserting their right to free speech. Morocco s king mohammed vi, right, and his brother prince moulay rachid in 2015. When the arab spring began, tunisia had an established infrastructure and a lower level of petty corruption than did other states, such as libya. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. In general, past episodes of political instability were characterized by a sharp. European union institute for security studies may 2017 1 when the arab spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the middle east and north africa menaope,and saweur the popular uprisings as a chance to enact regionwide reforms and advance towards more accountable, democratic and economically sus. Six years after the arab spring, morocco is experiencing its own unrest. Protests occurred on a large scale in algeria, jordan, morocco and oman. Womens rights, and the arab spring fact sheet on egypt, tunisia, morocco and jordan egypt. In 2011 a wave of prodemocracy protests known as the arab spring spread across the arab world. Arab spring libya 360 libya after moammar gaddafi the washington post.
Imf working papers imf international monetary fund home page. Over the past two years, ongoing political transitions in many arab countries have led to social unrest and an economic downturn. Download arab spring, libyan winter pdf for free now. And if the arab spring taught us anything, it is that many stable regimes maintain a delicate balance until they. The reform of judiciaries in the wake of the arab spring. This paper examines comparable historical episodes of political instability to derive implications for the near and mediumterm economic outlook in the arab countries in transition.
Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. These are fashionable to wear out but still casual enough for poolside lounging. Sign up for free newsletters and get more cnbc delivered to your inbox. Algeria, tunisia and morocco from independence to the arab spring. Pdf encouraged by the uprisings in tunisia and egypt, and the arab spring, young moroccans began to organise. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. Commentators, including noam chomsky, have said that gdem izik marked the start of the arab spring.
You also should pack a pair of closed toed shoes for days when youll be doing more. The protests in morocco were inspired by the arab spring protests and revolutions in other north african countries. Violent protests and civil conflict in egypt and syria appear in headlines daily. Championing free speech and thoughtful debate through journalistic excellence. The arab spring and moroccos reforms osgood center. Morocco is a member of the arab league, the union for the mediterranean, and the african union.
In the aftermath of the arab spring, many hoped that the. Morocco is at its best in spring midmarch to may, when the country is lush and green, followed by autumn september to november when the heat of summer has eased. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Algeria, tunisia and morocco from independence to the arab spring willis, michael on. Examining the durability of political islam in morocco working paper avi spiegel summary.
Morocco, and south africaare excluded from muchneeded relief. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. The arab spring has so far resulted in the removal of the heads of the regimes in tunisia, egypt, yemen and libya and in persistent ongoing popular uprising in syria.
Polyvocal, leaderless and using new styles of communication, the post arab spring voices do not seek power but seek to defy the state and push it to address the hitherto taboo topics such as. They were centred around demands for political reform, which included reform against police brutality, electoral fraud, political censorship and high unemployment. The initial events of the arab spring occurred in tunisia, where on december 14, 2010, a street vendor named mohammad bouazizi carried out an act of selfimmolation, after a tunisian police officer was alleged to have taken his fruit stand from him, restricting him from selling fruit at his location. Dec 16, 2011 european commission press release details page brussels, 16 december 2011 since the first demonstrations in tunisia in december 2010, a wave of popular discontent has shaken the arab world, with people calling for dignity, democracy, and social justice. Its february 20th movement was perhaps smaller and lesser known. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to evolve and change by daily events. The battle for recognition of the sahrawis right to selfdetermination or morocco s claim over the territory is one that is waged country by country, and after the arab spring toppled trusted allies, both morocco and the sadr launched diplomatic campaigns to claim or reclaim allies in libya a supporter of the sadr under gaddafi and. Nope its not too cold in spring for sandals so feel free to pack a pair. Security forces stand guard as hundreds of rif movement supporters attend an antigovernment protest demanding release of nasser alzefzafi, who was arrested for organizing demonstration, morocco. Morocco, arab spring, new social movement, social media, meaning making. Human development in the arab spring foreign policy journal. While the socalled arab spring has so far toppled despotic regimes in tunisia, egypt.
The revolutionary wave spread to the far corners of the arab world, from morocco to bahrain. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Moroccan islamists have proven resilient in the wake of the arab spring and have. Pdf the internet and democracy in arab spring morocco. Womens rights and the arab spring middle eastnorth. The future of the arab spring examines the spirit of civic entrepreneurship that brought once untouchable dictators to their knees and continues to shape the regions political, artistic, and technology sectors. Therefore, the struggle for individual free doms in morocco is set between two ideologically opposed sides, the liberals versus the isla. This article focuses on the reform policies enacted by mohammed vi, king of morocco, in response to the uprisings which took place during the arab spring. To gauge the class prior knowledge of the arab spring, ask for a show of hands as to how many students have heard the term arab spring on the news. In jordan and morocco, for instance, arab spring campaigns had an essentially reformist character. Its uprising also became one of the most consequential. Morocco s predominant religion is islam, and the official languages are arabic and tamazight. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. Encouraged by the uprisings in tunisia and egypt, and the arab spring, young moroccans began to organise huge demonstrations across the country demanding more democracy, social justice and anticorruption measures.
This handbook provides basic reference information on morocco, including the geography, history, government, military forces, and the communications, and transportation network morocco. Wife of jailed sahrawi activist calls on morocco to free political prisoners. Moroccos version of the arab spring morocco avoided much of the arab spring violence because the islamist justice and development party pjd had been a recognized opposition party in the years before its rise to power in the november 2011 elections. We currently reach six million readers annually and growing fast. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the arab spring is the relative strength or weakness of a societys formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts. Yet morocco appears to have escaped the arab spring. Role of information communication technologies in the arab spring pdf. Six years after the arab spring, morocco is experiencing.
European commission press releases press release the eu. Dec 07, 2016 how morocco s grand experiment went wrong heralded as a third way amid the uprisings and crackdowns of the arab spring, morocco introduced a new constitution and other reforms. The civil resistance and social networks were typical of all these eruptions. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. Morocco simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Their presence has not been substantially felt or taken into consideration in moroccan politics until the last two decades. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. Morocco s exceptional arab spring was characterized by a collected response by its leader and a desire for further progress by its populace. Moroccan constitution, article 41 maintains the kings status as commander of the faithful, but ensures. The focus instead shifted to individual freedoms and free market. Aug 28, 2019 the arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Olimat prospects for women in new libya wafa bugaighis the struggle for womens rights in morocco.
Morocco, arab spring, new social movement, social media, meaningmaking. Yemen became one of the first countries to experience the protests. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. Sixyear report on the arab spring new england complex. An index of unrest in the arab world by the economist online, february 9, 2011. Briefly after the revolution, libya experienced a period of calm before it was plunged yet again into another conflict. Reverberations from the arab spring of 2011 continue to rock the middle east. The study of democratization and the arab spring amel ahmed. Chapter on morocco has been translated from french translation into english and arabic. Click download or read online button to the arab spring the end of postcolonialism book pdf for free now. The arab spring the end of postcolonialism download the arab spring the end of postcolonialism ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Jun 26, 2015 the implications of decentralization for societies in the context of human development. Pdf the role of constitutional reforms in morocco during.
Morocco s version of the arab spring morocco avoided much of the arab spring violence because the islamist justice and development party pjd had been a recognized opposition party in the years before its rise to power in the november 2011 elections. Pdf as a key channel, especially in twentyfirst century middle east north africa mena, the internet has been positioned. Here we assess the consequences in 16 arab spring states six years after the original predictions. Morocco world news is dedicated to bringing the news of morocco and the mena region to a wide. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. Free trade agreements through its links with efta and the arab free trade zone, morocco provides investors with duty free. The fragile conditions in the civilwar ridden and oildependent libya or the recent history of tunisia as the epicentre of the arab spring upheaval point to further risks that merit consideration.
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